ABSTRACT
Birth defects have become the important cause of mortality and morbidity in the perinatal period. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect which includes the varying forms of cardiac abnormalities and occurs with an incidence of 1 per 100 live births. In most of the cases, CHD is an isolated malformation, but about 33% have associated anomalies. Ambiguous genitalia are one such rare anomaly that is associated with CHD among other genital abnormalities. The possible causes for this association could be pseudohermaphroditism, which in turn, may be due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The government of any country should consider providing for its people a free prenatal diagnosis for susceptible disorders.
Subject(s)
Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology , Congenital Abnormalities/genetics , Disorders of Sex Development/epidemiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Prenatal DiagnosisABSTRACT
We report a rare association of Turner syndrome with both Neurofibromatosis type I and Tuberous Sclerosis. The patient had XOkaryotype with Turners stigmata and also had features of Neurofibromatosis 1 in the form of significant café-au-lait spots and Plexiform neurofibroma along with typical features of Tuberous Sclerosis complex. Pedigree analysis revealed that the elder brother of the proband in the family also suffered from Tuberous Sclerosis without the manifestation of Neurofibromatosis or any other genetic disorders. We hypothesize that these associations could be due to new independent mutations and also increased maternal and paternal age in a pre-disposition of Turner syndrome.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnosis , Neurofibromatosis 1/epidemiology , Neurofibromatosis 1/etiology , Neurofibromatosis 1/genetics , Siblings , Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnosis , Tuberous Sclerosis/epidemiology , Tuberous Sclerosis/etiology , Tuberous Sclerosis/genetics , Turner Syndrome/diagnosis , Turner Syndrome/epidemiology , Turner Syndrome/etiology , Turner Syndrome/genetics , Young AdultABSTRACT
Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis is unusual in southern India. The diagnosis was made by histopathological examination which is purported to have poor sensitivity. The culture of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis. The pre-eminent role of a careful study of serial sections is emphasized.